Pigmented plastic waterproof troweling composition.



iamts or Oll and"re'siiifco'iiipounds and the like, which althoughuseful for waterproof- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

AARON CHARLES HORN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PIGMENTED PLASTIC WATERPROOF TBOWELING COMPOSITION.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AARON C. HORN, a citizen of the United States, and aresident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pigmented PlasticVaterproof Troweling Composition, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to plastic troweling waterproof cements intendedfor waterproofing structural surfaces and the like, and to the processof making same, involving a new form of waterproofed structure, and asto the composition it relates especially to a pigment containing cementhaving a high degree of plasticity o-r stiftly fluent mobility, markedadhesiveness to wall surfaces, yetworking freely under the trowelwithout that measure of tackine'ss and pull which characterizes mostresinous mixtures of similar body.

The treatment of structural surf ces of brick. concre e ant o ting incharacter to render same either impenetrable by moisture or to act as amoisture barrier usually resolves itself into the application to suchsurfaces of bitumen,

ing the surfaces of wood, often do not serve in filling the pores ofrough surfaces of masonry to a degree sufficient to insure reliabilityof water shedding or deflecting qualities under all conditions.

In super-structural waterproofing, that is the treatment of walls aboveground, it becomes necessary to insulate or dampproof an inner plasteredsurface from an outer weather exposed wall, and the present practiceinvolves three methods, viz., that of furring, lining with hollow block,and coating with a bituminous paint. The furring operation is carriedout by attaching to the wall furring strips in vertical position andsecuring lath or plaster board to these strips. The furring strips maybe of angle iron, wood or metal covered wood and the laths may be metalor wood strips. Sheets of prepared furring board may be used in lieu oflaths. Plaster is, applied to the surface thus created and being spaceda short distance from the masonry wall, and thus out of direct contactwith it, is to some extent insulated from the moisture containing outermififim om-y H p more or less porous and moisture transmit-Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed May 15, 1913. Serial No. 767,855.

Patented Dec. 9, 1913.

wall. Or the wall may be lined in various ways with hollow brick orblock to which the plaster is subsequently applied.

The third method of superstructural dampproofing is that of applying tothe inner surface of the wall, by brush or sprayer, of a liquidbituminous coating so prepared that plaster will bond to it, in this wayinsulating the plaster from the wall; a procedure which has severaladvantages over the preceding methods, among which advantages may bementioned the saving in cost because of the simplicity of the process,the insulating efliciency secured by reason of locking the pores in themasonry with an air proof and dampproof compound, and the resultanteconomy in space as contrasted with the space necessitated in furringand lathing. The one disadvantage of the brush application of abituminous paint or coating of this character to form a waterproofsheath between masonry and plaster is that since the coating is appliedby brushing it cannot be made to form a continuous impervious film overragged uneven surfaces, as the brush is not able to adequately reach theinterstices or depressions. Neither can the application of suchcompositions by means of spraying devices be recommended for the reason.that proportion of thinning material is required to give the compositiona sufiicient degree of fluidity to sp 'ay properly. Thus the bituminousbase on which depends waterproofing efiiciency, is greatly diluted andis correspondingly less effective. Then too, while the work is beingcarried out, the building in large measure is open on all sides and theslightest breeze will disturb the path of travel of the fine spray,causing a considerable proportion of the atomized material to driftaway, often to deposit in places where not desired and thus involve theexpense of removing the material where extraneously deposited.

By my invention a fluent composition is secured which overcomes thedisadvantage position to be produced in the form of a heavy paste, thickand coherent enough to not drip under the trowel, of suflicient body tonot sag after application, but in spite of its high measure ofconsistency spreading freely and smoothly under the trowel, or in theparlance of the trade-working out not short but free and fatty. Moreoverthe composition so prepared exhibits a remarkable plasticity enablingapplication with satisfactory results to expansion joints in concrete,as said composition will expand and contract with the movement of theconcrete slab. In a similar manner, used under roof tile, waterpenetration can be prevented, simply by embedding the laps of Spanishtile, hip rolls, finials, crestings of shingle tile, and the like, in alayer of the plastic composition. Although exposed here to the full heatof the suns rays the coating remains in place persistently, serving asan efiicient waterproof seal. Repairs in roofs, whether of slate, tin,built up slag or gravel strata, may be made simply by troweling on aquantity of said composition to fill and cover the leaky areas. Likewisefor covering openings where flashing enters the wall, pointing aroundflashing, for cementing cap to flashing on the underside, thecomposition may be used to advantage es pecially on damp surfaces whereordinary cements fail to properly adhere. Around window frames secureprotection can be provided against water-penetrationfrom driving stormsby applying the composition to openings under the hanging stile, fillingin between frame and wall on stucco exteriors, or in any rift or crevicein the window set-- ting. While plastic enough to be used for filling inspaces and slushing around window frames, the composition trowels inplace neatly without sagging and sets without becoming hard and brittle,which is an advantageous feature. Although not running and dripping inthe heatof the suns rays, on the other hand a brittle easily fracturedproduct is not engendered by cold, because of the peculiarirresponsiveness to temperature fluctuations of the compound in itspreferred form.

The composition may be prepared without the use of any volatileinflammable thinner, so that in the handling and application of theproduct, the fire risk is negligible.

Where floor arch and wall join, if the ceilings are to be preserved fromdampness, a waterproofing material should be present at such junction.In order to carry their loads, the floor arches become a part of thebearing wall, or must be supported by the steel frame when curtain wallsare used. Hence the air space created by furring blocks or by lath andfurring strips cannot be continuous. \Vherever this is the case,

and it is so in every fireproof structure, or for that matter in woodenconstruction, moisture permeating the outer shell of the building at thepoint where the arch joins the wall, penetrates the floor arch for somedistance at least and affects the plastered ceiling. The arches, usuallybeing made of hollow tile or strongly diluted concrete, become as easyprey to the attacks of rain storms and are quickly saturated withmoisture at the junction points, causing the ceiling to become stainedand discolored. From thence, if furred construction is employed, themoisture will travel down the wall along the surfaces inclosing the airspace, saturating and disintegrating the plaster. henever then, itbecomes desirable to use furring, as often is the case especially if theinterior plan of the building requires the trim to be set out from thewall, and the expense of supplementing the effect of the air space by awater insulating coating throughout, is an obstacle, it becomesnecessary to seal the space at the junction point where furring and archmeet, as this is the vulnerable point of attack from dampness. Myplastic waterproof troweling composi tion applied at this pointovercomes the difficulty experienced with this form of construction, anddue to the marked adhesiveness to damp walls exhibited by the aforesaidcomposition, a remarkable thorough sealing effect is secured with aminimum of coated area.

As indicated, the walls in new construction are always more or less dampand this moisture has a tendency to repel a coating of ordinarybituminous, asphaltic or coal tar mixtures, the action reminding one ofthe repellent effect of a greasy surface. lVherever moisture is present,the coating film does not bond or key to the surface and after set-tingmav be totally removed with relative ease. The present inventionprovides a composition, which although possessing an unusuallypronounced waterproofing 110 character, is nevertheless, in the form asapplied, of such a nature as to overcome the repellent forces due towall moisture, and hence for the purposes above set forth is of peculiaradaptability.

My plastic troweling waterproof sealing cement comprises a heavy-bodiedemulsion of stilily fluent quality containin an 01 basis. preferablythickened with a resinous or as )haltic com 3W waternsolulile soap and afinelv tllvicled filler. llie emulslon preferably is formed from twoimmiscible materials, namely the oil basis and a weak aqueous solutionof ammonia or similar material; the oil basis being preferably largelyin excess of the aqueous solution. The latter in fact preferably shouldbe present only in relatively small proportion so as UUAHNU UH FLASHU.

to form but a modicum of the total weight of the troweling compound. Asan oil basis I may use any of the drying oils, as linseed. ierillaChinese wood or tung oil. and the 1 (e, or semi-c rymg 01 s inc 1K mgsh. corn, cotton. whale. ra )e and other like m mm'rolemi. as )halticoil and malthas may be emp oyet to some extent or {ICCOlt mg tocircumstances may form the entire oil basis, if desired. Preferably,however, I employ Chinese wood oil usually with an addition 0 a ou 0 0fish oil. The oil thickener which I may employ is usually of a resinousnature and includes such bodies as as ihalt. llSOllltQ copal includingmanila and k=ur1. colo )homum and other resins. SiZOCOl'lIG or cercsmfi-J wax" may be added in IDOL crate amoun s or some requirements. Themaifirzillsqluble soap preferably is formed zin site, that is within themass .of the ctmiposition during its preparation. To this end awater-soluble soap preferably ammonium stearate in an aqueous carrier,is incorporafed witl'i the oil basis and hvdrated lime or otherprecipitant is then at et. 1e ime soap which forms separates under theseconditions in a finelydivided, flocculent or colloidal condition whichenables it to exert a desirable waterrepelling action. The ammonialiberated by the. action of the liimmore or less into the aqueousmaterial and forms an excellent aid to rapid emulsitication. ie waer-inso u e soap ant tie aqueous material together have the usefulproperty of permitting additions of fillers, pigments and extendingmaterials, without excessive grin ding to secure a proper degree ofincorporation. This is of importance with a heavy oil basis in whichpigments and fillers are ground with ditliculty under mostcircumstances. The precipitating material for the water-soluble soap maybe any metathetically reacting body capable of producing awater-insoluble soa and this includes Portlami hydrate. ime

cream 0 nne. as we excess of lime material over tie amoun of amlnoniumstearate and the like, should preferably be used. On the other hand avery great excess of lime or other precipitant is undeslrable astendinggto break the emulsion, and only such a maximum iTt'o hm underordinary circumstances as will permit the formation of a stable emulsionand one which is free from undesirable tackiness or sticky qualities.The function of the aqueous material in its blended condition is that ofa slicking element, it having the property of rendering an otherwisesticky, tacky composition easily handled under the trowel, and actionwhich seemingly is supplemented by the presence of the precipitated limesoap. W

In my copending application Serial No. 760,050 now matured into LettersPatent 1,074,364: of Sept. 30, 1913, I have more particularly set forththe use of asphaltic and bituminous containing compositions which yieldblack or very dark colored plastic cements adapted for use in surfaceswhich are to be concealed by other finish. The present inventionespecially concerns the production and use of pigment-containingcompositions which may be applied to exposed surfaces to exert not onlya waterproofing, but also a decorative effect. Under these circumstancesI may su )lant the as )haltic or bituminous material with kau i or otherco 2a] or similar resinous bodies. Bodies of fif zfs'phaltic nature actdiiierently in some respects from the resins, possibly due to thedifference in the acid components of these. The ammonia liberated by thereaction of lime onammomum stearate has an eifecPon fiiuri whi'ch undercertain circumstances may prove undesirable and which may be practicallyinhibited by the use of free fatty acids especially those derived fromdrying or semi-drying oils. The free acids of Chinese wood or fish oilare suita e or tie purpose, and need not be present in an amountexceeding ten per cent. of the total oil vehicle. These acids should bearesent in the oil and resinmbefo' reaimie ammonium stearate and thelatter shoulil lie meme lime or ot ier precipitating agent isincorporated. Introduction of the lime before the ammonium stearatewould not, of course, yield as useful results. The effect of the fattyacid or kauri protector would then be largely nullified.

A formula herewith given as an illustr: tive embodiment is thefollowing: A thickened oil basis consisting of )arts of Chinese wood oil10 )arts of the rec attv acids imese wood oil and 2 arts 0 tauri is me'[G( 211K mixed with 40 parts of mpaste of ammonium stcarate in aqueousme 1a. seventy parts 0 1y( rated lime or Portland cement are then addedwit 1 iorougi agitation. To this composition filling or extendingmaterial may be added provided the consistency be not increased to anexcessive degree. Among the 115 fillers which may be employed are bodiesof I the nature of tal or ground soa) stone, whitin i cima cla andkaolin. SllGX an tie 1 :e. 1e oregoing proportions are expressed byvolume for the particular 120 formula set forth. Preferably, however, inlieu of the foregoing fillers I use tron" vi ments to produce say fourstandard colors, gray, rown, red and green, which tints may be securedby the use of suitable alkaliin 125 fast pigments. The gray coloredcomposition 1s adapted for filling in spaces and slushing around windowframes and the other colors mentioned are suited for embedding tile andpointing around fiashin All of these colors and others may be used incoating the exposed surfaces of masonry structures.

The adherence of the pigment-containing sealing compound or cement todamp surfaces overcomes the difiiculties hitherto experienced inwaterproofing construction of the character aforesaid. Cement and brickwalls may be coated with this plastic composition to form awater-impervious layer which for some purposes is markedly superior topaint compositions applied with brush or sprayer, as regards obtaining adecorative finish which has reliable waterproofing qualities; and thepresent invention comprises the process of finishing surfaces of cement,stucco, brick, plaster and the like involving applying manually bytrowel of a layer of such material capable of bonding to damp surfaceswhile Waterproofing same.

What I claim is:

l. The process of making a plastic waterproof troweling cement whichcomprises melt-ing a varnish gum containing resin acids, incorporatingtherewith a drying oil and a fatty acid protector of said resin acids,adding hydrated ammonium stearate. agitating and adding a basic body toform a water-insoluble soap in situ and to liberate ammonia within themass.

2. The process of making a plastic waterproof troweling cement whichcomprises melting a varnish gum containing kauri, incorporatingtherewith a drying oil and a fatty acid protector of said resin acids,adding hydrated ammonium steal-ate, agitating and adding a. basic bodyto form a waterinsoluble soap in situ and to liberate ammonia within themass.

3. The process of making a plastic waterproof troweling cement whichcomprises melting a varnish gum containing kauri, incorporatingtherewith a drying oil and a fatty protector of said resin acids, saidfatty acid having siccative properties, adding hydrated ammoniumstearate, agitating and adding a basic body to form a waterinsolublesoap in situ and to liberate ammonia within the mass.

4. The process of making a plastic water proof trowcling cement whichcomprises melting a varnish gum containing resin acids, incorporatingtherewith a drying oil and a fatty acid protector of said resin acids,adding a paste comprising ammonium stearate in a hydrated condition,agitating and adding a basic body to form a Waterinsoluble soap in situand to liberate ammonia within the mass.

5. The process of making a plastic waterproof troweling cement whichcomprises melting a varnish gum resin containing resin acids,incorporating therewith a drying oil and a fatty acid protector of saidresin acids, adding hydrated ammonium stea ate, agitating and addinglime material to form a water-insoluble soap in sz'zfu and to liberateammonia within the mass.

6. The process of making a plastic waterproof troweling cement whichcomprises melting a varnish gum containing resin acids, incorporatingtherewith a drying oil and a fatty acid protector of said resin acids,adding hydrated ammonium stearate, agitating and adding hydrated lime toform a water-insoluble soap in situ and to liberate ammonia within themass.-

7. A plastic smooth-troweling composition consisting of a fluentemulsion of heavy consistency comprising varnish gums and siccative oilsubstantially free from volatile thinner, incorporated with fiocculentstearate of lime and a filler comprising calcareous material.

8. A plastic smooth-troweling composition consisting of a fluentemulsion of heavy consistency comprising varnish gum, siccative oil andfatty acids substantially free from volatile thinner, incorporated withfiocculent stearate of lime and a filler comprising calcareous material.

9. A plastic smooth-troweling waterproof cement consisting of a fluentemulsion of heavy consistency comprising kauri material dissolved in anon-volatile oily menstruum, incorporated with finely-divided prccipatedstearate. of lime, ammonium hydroxid solution and a finely dividedfilling material; said cement in application freeing easily from thetrowel and being substantially devoid of running or dripping properties.

10. A plastic smooth-troweling cement consisting of a fluent emulsion ofheavy consistency com )rising kauri material dissolved in a non-Volatilemenstruum, incorporated with finely-divided precipitated stearate oflime, ammonium hydroxid solution and a finely-divided filling materialincluding a pigment; said cement in manual application freeing easilyfrom the trowel and being substantially devoid of running or drippingproperties.

11. A plastic smooth-troweling waterproof cement consisting of a fluentemulsion of heavy consistency comprising kauri material dissolved in anon-volatile menstruum, incorporated with finely-divided precipitatedstcarate of lime, an emulsifying agent, and finely-divided fillingmaterial including a pigment fast to lime; said cement in manualapplication freeing easily from the trowel and being substantiallydevoid of running or dripping properties.

12. A plastic smooth-troweling water- I06. COMPOSITIONS,

COATING OR PLASTIC.

proof cement comprising a heavy bodied I sisting of a fluent emulsioncapable of adflucnt emulsion comprising oily material carrying athickener of kauri, a water-insoluble metallo-organic compoundcomprising a salt of a fatty acid, a solution of an alkali, a fillingmaterial and a pigment material fast to alkali.

13. A plastic troweling waterproof sealing cement comprising a heavybodied emulsion of stifiiy fluent quality comprising a thickened oilbasis, a water-insoluble soap, :1 finely-divided filler including apigment compatible with alkali and a solution of ammonium hydroxid; saidcement in manual application freeing easily from the trowel.

14. A plastic troweling composition conhering to moistlire-containingwalls without running or dripping, comprising an oil, a bodyingsubstance therefor, finely-divided water-insoluble soap, a modicum of analkali solution and a finely-divided filling material including pigmentmaterial compatible with alkali.

Signed at New York city in the county of New York and State of New Yorkthis 12th day of May A. D. 1918.

AARON CHARLES HORN.

TVitnesses ETIIEL C. THORXBLADE, EDWARD D. NEWMAN.

Copies 0! this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents. Washington; D. 0.

